Which of the following lists the components of the Primary Survey in trauma care?

• A. Airway, Breathing, Circulation
• B. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability
• C. Disability, Exposure
• D. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure

Answer: (D)

The primary survey in trauma care is about rapidly identifying and treating life-threatening conditions using the ABCDE approach: Airway with cervical spine protection, Breathing, Circulation, followed by Disability (neurologic status) and Exposure (complete patient exposure to identify hidden injuries and prevent hypothermia). Each part targets a critical threat that could compromise survival if not addressed immediately.

Airway assessment ensures the airway is open and protected, especially with potential neck injuries. Breathing evaluates adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation. Circulation focuses on maintaining blood flow and controlling major bleeding. Disability provides a quick neurologic check (level of consciousness, pupils, motor responses). Exposure entails removing clothing to inspect for injuries everywhere while measures are taken to keep the patient warm.

Options that omit one or more elements fail to capture the full rapid assessment sequence, and thus aren’t as complete as the list that includes all five components.