What are the characteristics of 1st degree frostbite (frostnip)?

• A. Partial thickness skin freezing
• B. Erythema and edema
• C. No blisters or tissue loss
• D. Full thickness tissue freezing

Answer: (A)

Frostnip represents the mild, superficial end of frostbite, where cooling affects only the surface skin without freezing deeper tissues. Because there is no tissue freezing, there is no tissue loss and no blistering. The skin may feel numb and appear pale or red as it rewarmes, and prompt warming helps reverse symptoms and prevents progression. The defining feature is the absence of blistering or tissue damage. Ereymia and edema can occur after rewarming, but they are not the hallmark. Deeper frostbite would involve partial- or full-thickness tissue freezing and can cause blisters and tissue injury.