Volkmann's contracture is best described as which condition?

• A. Compartment syndrome of the forearm
• B. Tendon rupture
• C. Dislocation of the elbow
• D. Osteomyelitis

Answer: (A)

Volkmann's contracture is a late consequence of forearm ischemia from compartment syndrome. When swelling or a tight cast raises pressure inside the rigid forearm compartments, blood flow to the muscles and nerves is compromised. If this ischemia is not promptly relieved, muscle tissue dies and is later replaced by fibrous scar tissue. That scar tissue contracts as it matures, pulling the wrist and fingers into a flexed, claw-like deformity and leaving lasting loss of motion. This process is rooted in the forearm compartments and their restricted space, not in a primary tendon injury, joint dislocation, or bone infection. It’s often linked to injuries like a supracondylar fracture in children or tight casts, where prompt fasciotomy or removal of constriction can prevent the progression to a contracture.