In diabetic ketoacidosis, which pH value is typically observed?

• A. pH greater than 7.45
• B. pH 7.40–7.45
• C. pH less than 7.3
• D. pH 7.0–7.1

Answer: (C)

In diabetic ketoacidosis, the body shifts to producing ketone bodies, which are acids. These acids accumulate and overwhelm the buffering systems (mainly bicarbonate), causing a metabolic acidosis with a drop in pH. Because of this, the pH is typically below the normal range, usually under 7.3. Normal arterial pH is about 7.35–7.45. In more severe cases, it can be around 7.0 or lower, but the common finding in DKA is a pH less than 7.3.