In cardiac tamponade, which procedure provides immediate relief?

• A. Coronary artery bypass graft
• B. Thoracentesis
• C. Pericardiocentesis
• D. Chest tube insertion

Answer: (C)

When the heart is squeezed by fluid in the pericardial sac, filling during diastole drops and cardiac output falls. Draining that pericardial fluid—pericardiocentesis—provides immediate relief by rapidly lowering intrapericardial pressure, allowing the chambers to fill again and restoring circulation. In an unstable patient, this is an urgent, life-saving maneuver often done with ultrasound guidance to quickly and safely remove the fluid.

Other procedures address different problems and don’t alleviate the external heart compression causing tamponade. Bypass grafting is for restoring blood flow in coronary artery disease and won’t relieve pericardial pressure. Thoracentesis removes fluid from the pleural space, not the pericardial sac, and a chest tube drains the pleural space as well; neither tackles the cause of tamponade or improves diastolic filling.